Association between a mediterranean lifestyle and Type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective UK biobank study

Author:

Maroto-Rodriguez Javier,Ortolá Rosario,Carballo-Casla Adrián,Iriarte-Campo Víctor,Salinero-Fort Miguel Ángel,Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando,Sotos-Prieto MercedesORCID

Abstract

Abstract Background There is mounting evidence that the Mediterranean diet prevents type 2 diabetes, but little is known about the role of Mediterranean lifestyles other than diet and among non-Mediterranean populations. This work aimed to examine the association between a comprehensive Mediterranean-type lifestyle and type 2 diabetes incidence in a British adult population. Methods We used data from 112,493 individuals free of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 40–69 years, from the UK Biobank cohort, who were followed from 2009 to 2010 to 2021. The Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed through the 25-item MEDLIFE index, which comprises three blocks: (a) “Mediterranean food consumption”, (b) “Mediterranean dietary habits”, (c) “Physical activity, rest, social habits, and conviviality”. Diabetes incidence was obtained from clinical records. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to analyze associations and adjusted for the main potential confounders. Results After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 2,724 cases of type 2 diabetes were ascertained. Compared to the first quartile of MEDLIFE adherence, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for increasing quartiles of adherence were 0.90 (0.82–0.99), 0.80 (0.72–0.89) and 0.70 (0.62–0.79) (p-trend < 0.001). All three blocks of MEDLIFE were independently associated with lower risk of diabetes. Conclusions Higher adherence to the MEDLIFE index was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank. A Mediterranean-type lifestyle, culturally adapted to non-Mediterranean populations, could help prevent diabetes.

Funder

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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