Relationship between oral frailty and locomotive syndrome in working-age individuals: a cross-sectional survey of workers in Japan

Abstract

Abstract Background Although the relationship between oral and physical frailty in older adults has been investigated, few studies have focused on the working-age population. This study examined the relationships of the number of remaining teeth and masticatory ability, i.e., signs of oral frailty, with locomotive syndrome (LS) in the working-age population. Methods The number of remaining teeth, masticatory ability, and presence of LS in 501 participants from four companies were examined. The relationships between the number of remaining teeth groups (≥ 20 teeth or ≤ 19 teeth) and LS and between the masticatory ability groups (high or low) and LS were examined. A binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted using LS from the stand-up test as the objective variable and the two subgroups based on the number of remaining teeth and potential crossover factors as covariates. Results The analysis included 495 participants (354 males and 141 females; median age, 43 years). The median number of remaining teeth among the participants was 28, and 10 participants (2.0%) had ≤ 19 teeth. The mean masticatory ability values were 39.9 for males and 37.7 for females, and 31 participants (6.3%) had low masticatory ability. In the stand-up test, those with ≤ 19 teeth had a higher LS rate than those with ≥ 20 teeth. The odds ratio for LS in the group with ≤ 19 remaining teeth was 5.99, and the confidence interval was 1.44–24.95. Conclusions The results confirmed signs of oral frailty in the working-age population. Further, the number of remaining teeth possibly affects standing movement. Thus, oral frailty is associated with LS in the working-age population.