Author:
Bosma Mary Lynn,McGuire James A.,DelSasso Alicia,Milleman Jeffery,Milleman Kimberly
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To investigate the effects of combinations of mechanical (brushing and flossing) and chemotherapeutic regimens which included essential oils (EO) non-alcohol and alcohol-containing mouthrinses compared to brushing only in the prevention and reduction of plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding.
Methods
This was a randomized, virtually supervised, examiner blind, controlled clinical trial. Following informed consent and screening, subjects (N = 270) with gingivitis were randomly assigned to one of the following regimens: (1) Brush Only (B, n = 54); (2) Brush/Rinse (EO alcohol-containing mouthrinse) (BA, n = 54); (3) Brush/Rinse (EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse) (BZ, n = 54); (4) Brush/Floss (BF, n = 54); (5) Brush/Floss/Rinse (EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse) (BFZ, n = 54). Unflavored waxed dental floss (REACH unflavored waxed dental floss), and fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate Cavity Protection) were used. Examinations included oral hard and soft tissue, plaque, gingivitis, gingival bleeding, probing depth and bleeding on probing.
Results
After 12 weeks, both BA and BZ and the BFZ group were superior in reducing interproximal plaque (30.8%, 18.2%, 16.0%, respectively), gingivitis (39.0%, 36.9%, 36.1%, respectively), and bleeding (67.8%, 73.6%, 79.8%, respectively) compared to B. The BF group did not provide significant reductions in interproximal plaque but did reduce interproximal gingivitis (5.1%, p = 0.041) at Week 4 and bleeding at Weeks 4 and 12 (34.6%, 31.4%, p < 0.001 respectively) compared to B. The BFZ group did not significantly reduce interproximal plaque, gingivitis or bleeding compared to BZ.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the addition of EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse to the manual toothbrushing and flossing regimen further reduces plaque, gingivitis and bleeding showing that addition of EO mouthrinses (alcohol or non-alcohol containing) to the oral hygiene regimen provides sustained reductions in plaque to help maintain gingival health after a dental prophylaxis. Dental professional recommendation of the addition of an EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse to daily oral hygiene routines of brushing or brushing and flossing should be considered to aid supragingival plaque control and improve gingivitis prevention.
Study registry number
NCT05600231.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference20 articles.
1. Parmly LS. A practical guide to the management of the Teeth; comprising a Discovery of the origin of Caries, or Decay of the Teeth, with its Prevention and Cure. Philadelphia: Collins & Croft; 1819.
2. Johnson & Johnson. Dental Floss. In: Johnson & Johnson Our Story. Johnson & Johnson. 2017. https://ourstory.jnj.com/dental-floss. Accessed 2 May 2023.
3. US Food and Drug Administration. Section 872.6390 Dental Floss. In: CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 Volume 8 Part 872 Dental Devices Subpart G – Miscellaneous Devices. Department of Health and Human Services. 2023. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRsearch.cfm?FR=872.6390. Accessed 28 Apr 2023.
4. Worthington HV, MacDonald L, Poklepovic Pericic T, Sambunjak D, Johnson TM, Imai P, Clarkson JE. Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries. Editor Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;10(44):CD012018. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012018.pub2. Cochrane Oral Health Group.
5. American Dental Association. Floss/Interdental Cleaners. In: Resources.Research. ADASRI. Science Research, American Dental Association. 2021. https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/floss. Accessed 28 Apr 2023.