Vitamin intake and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract

Abstract Objective A meta-analysis was performed to assess the epidemiological correlation between dietary intake of various types of vitamin intake and the risk of periodontal disease. Methods A comprehensive computerized search was conducted in eight databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine Disc, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Database, and a random effect model was applied to combine pooled odds ratio (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the included studies, and the sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the impact of a single study on the comprehensive results. Results We finally included 45 effect groups from 23 observational studies, with a total number of study participants of 74,488. The results showed that higher levels of vitamin A (OR: 0.788, 95% CI: 0.640–0.971), vitamin B complex (OR: 0.884, 95% CI: 0.824–0.948), vitamin C (OR: 0.875, 95% CI: 0.775–0.988), vitamin D (OR: 0.964, 95% CI: 0.948–0.981), and vitamin E (OR: 0.868, 95% CI: 0.776–0.971) intake all were negatively correlated with periodontal disease. After removing each study, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis indicated no significant change in the overall results of any of the five meta-analyses. Conclusions The results from this meta-analysis demonstrated a negative association between high-dose vitamin A, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E consumption and the likelihood of developing periodontal disease, revealing the significant role of vitamins in preventing periodontal disease.