Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) from wood combustion represents a global health risk, encompassing diverse exposure sources; indoor exposures due to cooking in developing countries, ambient PM exposures from residential wood combustion in developed countries, and the predicted increasing number of wildfires due to global warming. Although physicochemical properties of the PM, as well as the exposure levels vary considerably between these sources, controlled human exposure studies may provide valuable insight to the harmful effects of wood smoke (WS) exposures in general. However, no previous review has focused specifically on controlled human exposure studies to WS.
Results
The 22 publications identified, resulting from 12 controlled human studies, applied a range of combustion conditions, exposure levels and durations, and exercise components in their WS exposure. A range of airway, cardiovascular and systemic endpoints were assessed, including lung function and heart rate measures, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the possibility for drawing general conclusions was precluded by the large variation in study design, resulting in differences in physicochemical properties of WS, effective dose, as well as included endpoints and time-points for analysis. Overall, there was most consistency in reported effects for airways, while oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and cardiovascular physiology did not show any clear patterns.
Conclusion
Based on the reviewed controlled human exposure studies, conclusions regarding effects of acute WS exposure on human health are premature. Thus, more carefully conducted human studies are needed. Future studies should pay particular attention to the applied WS exposure, to assure that both exposure levels and PM properties reflect the research question.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology,General Medicine
Reference43 articles.
1. WHO. Household air pollution and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health. Accessed 6 Sept 2019.
2. Barry C. Increase in wood as main source of household heating most notable in the northeast. Washington (DC): U.S. Energy Information Administration; 2014. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=15431. Accessed 6 Sept 2019.
3. Sigsgaard T, Forsberg B, Annesi-Maesano I, Blomberg A, Bølling A, Boman C, Bønlokke J, Brauer M, Bruce N, Heroux ME, et al. Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(6):1577–88.
4. National Annual Emissions Trend. Environmental Protection Agency. 2020. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-04/national_tier1_caps.xlsx. Accessed 14 May 2020.
5. Sun Q, Miao C, Hanel M, Borthwick AGL, Duan Q, Ji D, Li H. Global heat stress on health, wildfires, and agricultural crops under different levels of climate warming. Environ Int. 2019;128:125–36.
Cited by
20 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献