Author:
Baattaiah Baian A.,Alharbi Mutasim D.,Babteen Nouf M.,Al-Maqbool Haneen M.,Babgi Faten A.,Albatati Ashar A.
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundSeveral factors can contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD) and negatively affect mothers’ mental and physical well-being. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, resilience, and the risk of PPD development.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to mothers during their postpartum period. The risk of PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), postpartum fatigue (PPF) was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationship between the study variables. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explain the contributions of PPF, sleep quality, and resilience as independent predictors of PPD development.ResultsA total of 1409 postpartum women were included in the analysis, with 75% of the participants reporting a risk of PPD, 61% reporting PPF, 97% reporting having sleep problems, and 36% being in the “low resilience level” category. In terms of correlations, the scores of FSS and the PSQI showed moderate positive relationships with the EPDS scores (r = 0.344 and r = 0.447, respectively,p = .000). The BRS scores were negatively associated with the EPDS scores (r = −0.530,p = 0.000). Fatigue, sleep quality, and resilience were predictors of depressive symptoms (β = 0.127, β = 0.262, and β = −0.393, respectively, R2 = 0.37,p = 0.000). The association remained significant in the regression model after adjusting for mother’s age, mother’s BMI, child’s age, smoking status, full-term pregnancy, having a chronic disease, and taking anti-depressant.ConclusionsMothers with higher levels of fatigue, poor sleep quality, and low resilience levels were at high risk of developing PPD. Healthcare providers should identify these factors and thus set better rehabilitation goals to improve overall maternal health.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Psychology,General Medicine
Reference116 articles.
1. Stewart DE, Robertson E, Phil M, Dennis C-L, Grace SL, Wallington T. Postpartum Depression: Literature Review of Risk Factors and Interventions. Toronto Public Health: Toronto, Canada: University Health Network Women’s Health Program; 2003.
2. Maternal mental health and child health and development in low and middle income countries: report of the meeting, Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization (WHO). 2008. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43975.
3. O’Hara MW, Schlechte JA, Lewis DA, Wright EJ. Prospective study of postpartum blues. Biologic and psychosocial factors. Arch Gen Psychiat. 1991;48:801–6.
4. Oakley A, Chamberlain G. Medical and social factors in postpartum depression. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1981;1:182–7.
5. O’Hara MW, Wisner KL. Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet. 2014;28:3–12.