Breast edema score at breast MRI: its value in prediction of molecular subtype of breast cancer and its impact on axillary LN metastasis

Abstract

Abstract Background Since many newly diagnosed breast cancer patients have breast MRI, the value of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging would improve if molecular subtypes could be consistently identified, and prognostic information provided in addition to diagnostic imaging. Breast edema may improve the ability to predict molecular subtypes and clinical and pathological outcomes in invasive breast cancer patients. The prognosis for breast cancer prognosis based on the findings of breast edema by magnetic resonance imaging will be useful in both pretreatment planning and prognosis. Breast edema on T2-weighted images and STIR was scored on a scale of 1 to 4, as follows: (a) breast edema score (BES) 1, no edema; (b) BES 2, peritumoral edema; (c) BES 3, pre pectoral edema; and (d) BES 4, subcutaneous edema (suspicious for occult inflammatory breast cancer “IBC”). Axillary lymph node status and number were also evaluated in T2 and STIR and after contrast administration. The aim of this work was to assess the role of tumour-related breast edema MRI features in distinguishing molecular subtypes of breast cancer and its effect on pathological axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Results There was a highly significant difference between BES with respect to the molecular subtypes of breast cancer, size of the mass, Ki-67 expression, LN status, and LN number (p < 0.0001, 0.045, < 0.0001, < 0.0001, and < 0.0001 respectively). However, there was no significant difference between BES and histopathological grade in studied masses, such as p-value = 0.49. Conclusions Tumour-related breast edema MRI characteristics may be useful in distinguishing molecular subtypes of breast cancer and could be used as a promising feature to improve the predictive performance of pathological axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer, contributing to preoperative treatment planning and prognostic outcome.