How successful is the volumetric ADC value in forecasting isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status of adult-type diffuse glioma?

Abstract

Abstract Background Gliomas are the most common central nervous system tumours. The 2021 fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System introduced significant changes in molecular features of tumours such as IDH types. We aim to investigate the relationship between the ADC value measured in preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging and the IDH profile in patients diagnosed with adult-type diffuse glioma. Forty patients who were operated on for diffuse glioma were included in the study and were divided into two groups, 'wild-type' (group 1) and 'mutant-type' (group 2), according to their Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) profiles based on The fifth edition (2021) of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Preoperative MRI images of the patients were evaluated for tumour side, location and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. In addition, ADC values were analysed and compared in both groups. Results The mean age of the patients was 61.17 ± 14.24 years. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) were diagnosed as IDH-wild tumours, and 13 (32.5%) patients were diagnosed as IDH-mutant. In comparison between the two groups, there was no statistical difference between ADCmean, ADCmin, ADCmax and Ki67 values (p:0.931; p:0.820; p:0.519 and p:0.159, respectively). Conclusions It is obvious that effective and minimally invasive measurements such as ADC will take part in managing intracranial tumours. However, in this technique, closely related to cellular intensity, it is not always possible to distinguish subtyping at the molecular level, such as IDH.