Real-time PCR complements immunohistochemistry in the determination of HER-2/neu status in breast cancer

Abstract

Abstract Background The clinical benefit of determining the status of HER-2/neu amplification in breast cancer patients is well accepted. Although immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most frequently used method to assess the over-expression of HER-2 protein, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) is recognized as the "gold standard" for the determining of HER-2/neu status. The greatest discordance between the two methods occurs among breast tumors that receive an indeterminate IHC score of 2+. More recently, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using the LightCycler® has been developed for quantifying HER-2/neu gene amplification. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available LightCycler assay as it compares to FISH. To determine whether this assay provides an accurate alternative for the determination of HER-2/neu status, we focused primarily on tumors that were deemed indeterminate or borderline status by IHC. Methods Thirty-nine breast tumors receiving an IHC score of 2+ were evaluated by both FISH and LightCycler® technologies in order to determine whether quantitative real-time PCR provides an accurate alternative for the determination of HER-2/neu status. Results We found a high concordance (92%) between FISH and real-time PCR results. We also observed that 10% of these tumors were positive for gene amplification by both FISH and real-time PCR. Conclusion The data show that the results obtained for the gene amplification of HER-2/neu by real-time PCR on the LightCycler® instrument is comparable to results obtained by FISH. These results therefore suggest that real-time PCR analysis, using the LightCycler®, is a viable alternative to FISH for reassessing breast tumors which receive an IHC score of 2+, and that a combined IHC and real-time PCR approach for the determination of HER-2 status in breast cancer patients may be an effective and efficient strategy.