Author:
Manayi Azadeh,Kurepaz-mahmoodabadi Mahdieh,Gohari Ahmad R,Ajani Yousef,Saeidnia Soodabeh
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phthalate, esters of phthalic acid, are mainly applied as plasticizers and cause several human health and environment hazards. The essential oils of Achillea species have attracted a great concern, since several biological activities have been reported from varieties of these medicinal species. On the other side, due to the problems regarding the waste disposal in developing countries, phthalate derivatives can easily release from waste disposal to the water and soil resulting in probable absorption and accumulation by medicinal and dietary plants. As a matter of fact, although the toxicity of phthalate derivatives in human is well-known, food crops and medicinal plants have been exposing to phthalates that can be detected in their extracts and essential oils. Achillea tenuifolia (Compositea) is one of these herbaceous plants with traditional applications which widely growing in Iran.
Finding
The plant root was subjected to hydro-distillation for 4 h using Clevenger type apparatus to obtain its essential oil before and after acid treatment. Both of the hydro-distilled essential oils were analysed by GC-MS method resulted in recognition of their constituent. Phthalate contamination as (1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester (5.4%) and phthalic acid (4.5%), were identified in the first and second extracted oils, respectively.
Conclusion
As a warning, due to the potential role of phthalates to cause reproductive toxicity, disturb of endocrine system and causing cancers, medicinal plants have to be considered through quality control for detection of these compounds.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Applied Mathematics,General Mathematics
Reference30 articles.
1. Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M: Are medicinal plants polluted with phthalates?. Daru J Fac Pharm Tehran Univ Med Sci. 2013, 21: 43-10.1186/2008-2231-21-43.
2. Saeidnia S: Phthalate. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Volume 3. Edited by: Wexler P. 2014, Elsevier Inc., Academic Press, London, 928-933. 10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.00963-5. 3
3. Rudel RA, Perovich LJ: Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor and outdoor air. Atmos Environ. 2009, 43: 170-181. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.025.
4. Schecter A: Phthalates: human exposure and related health effects. Dioxins and Health: Including Other Persistent Organic Pollutants and Endocrine Disruptors. Edited by: Meeker JD, Ferguson KK. 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, 10.1002/9781118184141. 3
5. The Lowell Center for Sustainable Production at the University of Massachusetts: Phthalates and Their Alternatives: Health and Environmental Concerns, Massachusetts; 2011. http://www.sustainableproduction.org/downloads/PhthalateAlternatives-January2011.pdf [Last access: Nov 22, 2014]
Cited by
25 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献