Author:
Zhang Zhenchao,Li Dongxian,Li Yuhua,Zhang Rui,Xie Xianghuan,Yao Yi,Zhao Linfei,Tian Xiaowei,Yang Zhenke,Wang Shuai,Yue Xuejing,Mei Xuefang
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a microaerophilic protozoan parasite which is responsible for trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. The infection greatly damages the reproductive system. However, whether T. vaginalis infection can cause reproductive system cancer remains controversial.
Methods
This study systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid and Google scholar, and 144 relevant articles were retrieved and classified into three categories: epidemiological investigations (68), reviews (30) and research articles (46). These three types of articles were verified according to their respective inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 16 was used to conduct a meta-analysis on the articles of epidemiological investigations for analysing the correlation between T. vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer.
Results
The result of meta-analysis indicated that the rate of T. vaginalis infection in the cancer group was significantly higher than that in the non-cancer group (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.29–2.71, I2 = 52%). Moreover, the cancer rate of the population infected with T. vaginalis was significantly higher than that of the population without T. vaginalis infection (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 2.37–3.25, I2 = 31%). The review articles and most research articles stated that the infection of T. vaginalis could lead to cancer and the pathogenic mechanisms were as follows: T. vaginalis promoting inflammatory response, T. vaginalis infection changing the internal environment around parasitic sites and signal transduction pathway, the metabolites secreted by T. vaginalis inducing carcinogenesis and T. vaginalis increasing other pathogenic microbial infection to promote the occurrence of cancer.
Conclusions
Our study confirmed that there was a correlation between the infection of T. vaginalis and reproductive system cancer, and provided some possible research directions for clarifying the carcinogenic mechanisms caused by T. vaginalis infection.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Science and Technology Planning Project of Xinxiang City
Doctoral Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Xinxiang Medical University
Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cancer Research,Infectious Diseases,Oncology,Epidemiology
Reference67 articles.
1. Ryan CM, de Miguel N, Johnson PJ. Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host-parasite interactions. Essays Biochem. 2011;51:161–75.
2. Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, et al. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97:548-562P.
3. Patel EU, Gaydos CA, Packman ZR, Quinn TC, Tobian AAR. Prevalence and correlates of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among men and women in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67:211–7.
4. Pereyre S, Laurier Nadalie C, Bebear C, Investigator G. Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis in France: a point prevalence study in people screened for sexually transmitted diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(122):e121-122e127.
5. Moodley P, Wilkinson D, Connolly C, Moodley J, Sturm AW. Trichomonas vaginalis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:519–22.
Cited by
4 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献