Design and feasibility of a novel program of cervical screening in Nigeria: self-sampled HPV testing paired with visual triage
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Published:2020-10-14
Issue:1
Volume:15
Page:
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ISSN:1750-9378
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Container-title:Infectious Agents and Cancer
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Infect Agents Cancer
Author:
Desai Kanan T., Ajenifuja Kayode O., Banjo Adekunbiola, Adepiti Clement A., Novetsky Akiva, Sebag Cathy, Einstein Mark H., Oyinloye Temitope, Litwin Tamara R., Horning Matt, Olanrewaju Fatai Olatunde, Oripelaye Mufutau Muphy, Afolabi Esther, Odujoko Oluwole O., Castle Philip E., Antani Sameer, Wilson Ben, Hu Liming, Mehanian Courosh, Demarco Maria, Gage Julia C., Xue Zhiyun, Long Leonard R., Cheung Li, Egemen Didem, Wentzensen Nicolas, Schiffman MarkORCID
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accelerated global control of cervical cancer would require primary prevention with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in addition to novel screening program strategies that are simple, inexpensive, and effective. We present the feasibility and outcome of a community-based HPV self-sampled screening program.
Methods
In Ile Ife, Nigeria, 9406 women aged 30–49 years collected vaginal self-samples, which were tested for HPV in the local study laboratory using Hybrid Capture-2 (HC2) (Qiagen). HPV-positive women were referred to the colposcopy clinic. Gynecologist colposcopic impression dictated immediate management; biopsies were taken when definite acetowhitening was present to produce a histopathologic reference standard of precancer (and to determine final clinical management). Retrospective linkage to the medical records identified 442 of 9406 women living with HIV (WLWH).
Results
With self-sampling, it was possible to screen more than 100 women per day per clinic. Following an audio-visual presentation and in-person instructions, overall acceptability of self-sampling was very high (81.2% women preferring self-sampling over clinician collection). HPV positivity was found in 17.3% of women. Intensive follow-up contributed to 85.9% attendance at the colposcopy clinic. Of those referred, 8.2% were initially treated with thermal ablation and 5.6% with large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ). Full visibility of the squamocolumnar junction, necessary for optimal visual triage and ablation, declined from 68.5% at age 30 to 35.4% at age 49. CIN2+ and CIN3+ (CIN- Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), including five cancers, were identified by histology in 5.9 and 3.2% of the HPV-positive women, respectively (0.9 and 0.5% of the total screening population), leading to additional treatment as indicated. The prevalences of HPV infection and CIN2+ were substantially higher (40.5 and 2.5%, respectively) among WLWH. Colposcopic impression led to over- and under-treatment compared to the histopathology reference standard.
Conclusion
A cervical cancer screening program using self-sampled HPV testing, with colposcopic immediate management of women positive for HPV, proved feasible in Nigeria. Based on the collected specimens and images, we are now evaluating the use of a combination of partial HPV typing and automated visual evaluation (AVE) of cervical images to improve the accuracy of the screening program.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cancer Research,Infectious Diseases,Oncology,Epidemiology
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