The incidence and risk factors of meconium amniotic fluid in singleton pregnancies: an experience of a tertiary hospital in Iran

Abstract

Abstract Background Several common maternal or neonatal risk factors have been linked to meconium amniotic fluid (MAF) development; however, the results are contradictory, depending on the study. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of MAF in singleton pregnancies. Methods This study is a retrospective cohort that assessed singleton pregnant mothers who gave birth at a tertiary hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran, between January 1st, 2020, and January 1st, 2022. Mothers were divided into two groups: 1) those diagnosed with meconium amniotic fluid (MAF) and 2) those diagnosed with clear amniotic fluid. Mothers with bloody amniotic fluid were excluded. Demographic factors, obstetrical factors, and maternal comorbidities were extracted from the electronic data of each mother. The Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the groups for categorical variables. Logistic regression models were used to assess meconium amniotic fluid risk factors. Results Of 8888 singleton deliveries during the study period, 1085 (12.2%) were MAF. MAF was more common in adolescents, mothers with postterm pregnancy, and primiparous mothers, and it was less common in mothers with GDM and overt diabetes. The odds of having MAF in adolescents were three times higher than those in mothers 20–34 years old (aOR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.87–4.98). Likewise, there were significantly increased odds of MAF in mothers with late-term pregnancy (aOR: 5.12, 95% CI: 2.76–8.94), and mothers with post-term pregnancy (aOR: 7.09, 95% CI: 3.92–9.80). Primiparous women were also more likely than multiparous mothers to have MAF (aOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 2.11–4.99). Conclusions Adolescents, primiparous mothers, and mothers with post-term pregnancies had a higher risk of MAF. Maternal comorbidities resulting in early termination of pregnancy can reduce the incidence of MAF.