Author:
Zhang Qiang,Hu Jin,Feng Jia-Wu,Hu Xiao-Tong,Wang Ting,Gong Wen-Xiao,Huang Kun,Guo Yi-Xiong,Zou Zhong,Lin Xian,Zhou Run,Yuan Yu-Qi,Zhang An-Ding,Wei Hong,Cao Gang,Liu Chen,Chen Ling-Ling,Jin Mei-Lin
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Influenza is a severe respiratory illness that continually threatens global health. It has been widely known that gut microbiota modulates the host response to protect against influenza infection, but mechanistic details remain largely unknown. Here, we took advantage of the phenomenon of lethal dose 50 (LD50) and metagenomic sequencing analysis to identify specific anti-influenza gut microbes and analyze the underlying mechanism.
Results
Transferring fecal microbes from mice that survive virulent influenza H7N9 infection into antibiotic-treated mice confers resistance to infection. Some gut microbes exhibit differential features to lethal influenza infection depending on the infection outcome. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Bifidobacterium animalis levels are significantly elevated in surviving mice when compared to dead or mock-infected mice. Oral administration of B. animalis alone or the combination of both significantly reduces the severity of H7N9 infection in both antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice. Functional metagenomic analysis suggests that B. animalis mediates the anti-influenza effect via several specific metabolic molecules. In vivo tests confirm valine and coenzyme A produce an anti-influenza effect.
Conclusions
These findings show that the severity of influenza infection is closely related to the heterogeneous responses of the gut microbiota. We demonstrate the anti-influenza effect of B. animalis, and also find that the gut population of endogenous B. animalis can expand to enhance host influenza resistance when lethal influenza infection occurs, representing a novel interaction between host and gut microbiota. Further, our data suggest the potential utility of Bifidobacterium in the prevention and as a prognostic predictor of influenza.
Funder
Projects of International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
68 articles.
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