Model tests on ordinary and geosynthetic encased stone columns with recycled aggregates as filler material

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Sincethe availability of natural aggregates is very sparse, recycled industrial and construction waste provides a sustainable alternative to ground improvement using vibro replacement method. Utilizing recycled building waste caters the requirement for its disposal and offers an effective remedy for the scarcity of natural resources. The aim of this study was to give a sustainable alternative for the natural aggregates as the material for stone column. Materials and methods A good stone column material should be hard, dense, chemically inert and must comply with the size requirement. The utilization of construction debris and spent railway ballast as column material has been the subject of numerous researches. This work focuses on finding the suitability of railway ballast and concrete debris as alternatives for stone column material. A detailed laboratory testing of these materials has been carried to judge their strength requirements as the material for both Ordinary Stone Columns (OSCs) and Geosynthetic Encased Stone Columns (GESCs). The improvement in capacity of both OSCs and GESCs is evaluated by performing California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test in laboratory by creating unit cell stone column models of different recycled aggregates and comparing their load settlement behavior with natural aggregates. Results and discussion Railway ballast, natural aggregates, concrete debris and virgin soil were found to show decreasing order in CBR test results. Loading required for causing settlement in both OSCs and GESCsshowed remarkable increase as compared to that of virgin clay and the maximum load settlement improvement was observed for railway ballast in both the types of stone columns. The CBR values for GESC made from railway ballast, natural aggregates and concrete debris were 54, 49 and 38% respectively. On the other hand, CBR for OSC made from railway ballast, concrete debris and natural aggregates were found to be 25.5, 20.4 and 24% respectively and CBR of virgin clay was found to be just 11%. Conclusion The demonstrated application of sustainable sources in place of natural aggregates provides a crucial pathway for utilizing the recycled aggregates as stone column filler material. Up on encasing the OSC with geotextile the performance of stone columns has improved appreciably in terms of load capacity. Railway ballast and concrete debris can be adopted as an alternate for the natural stone column materials to improve the bearing capacity of site consisting mainly of soft clays.