Postoperative acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: a nationwide cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Background Previous studies reported that patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after cardiac surgery were at a higher risk of postoperative mortality. However, the impact of AKI and CRRT on long-term mortality has not yet been identified. Therefore, we investigated whether postoperative AKI requiring CRRT was associated with one-year all-cause mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods For this population-based cohort study, we analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. The cohort included all adult patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease who underwent isolated CABG between January 2012 and December 2017. Results A total of 15,115 patients were included in the analysis, and 214 patients (1.4%) required CRRT for AKI after CABG during hospitalization. They received CRRT at 3.1 ± 8.5 days after CABG, for 3.1 ± 7.8 days. On multivariable Cox regression, the risk of 1-year all-cause mortality in patients who underwent CRRT was 7.69-fold higher. Additionally, on multivariable Cox regression, the 30-day and 90-day mortality after CABG in patients who underwent CRRT were 18.20-fold and 20.21-fold higher than the normal value, respectively. Newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) 1 year after CABG in patients who underwent CRRT was 2.50-fold higher. In the generalized log-linear Poisson model, the length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients who underwent CRRT was 5% longer. Conclusions This population-based cohort study showed that postoperative AKI requiring CRRT was associated with a higher 1-year all-cause mortality after CABG. Furthermore, it was associated with a higher rate of 30-day and 90-day mortality, longer LOS, and higher rate of CKD requiring RRT 1 year after CABG. Our results suggest that CRRT-associated AKI after CABG may be associated with an increased risk of mortality; hence, there should be interventions in these patients after hospital discharge.