Associations among socioeconomic status, multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases, and the risk of household catastrophic health expenditure in China: a population-based cohort study
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Published:2023-04-26
Issue:1
Volume:23
Page:
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ISSN:1472-6963
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Container-title:BMC Health Services Research
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language:en
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Short-container-title:BMC Health Serv Res
Author:
Wang Yaping,Du Min,Qin Chenyuan,Liu Qiao,Yan Wenxin,Liang Wannian,Liu Min,Liu Jue
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasingly prevalent among older adults around the world, leading a higher risk of household catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). As current powerful evidence was insufficient, we aimed to estimate the association between multimorbidity of NCDs and the risk of CHE in China.
Methods
We designed a cohort study using data investigated in 2011–2018 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which is a nationally-representative study covering 150 counties of 28 provinces in China. We used mean ± standard deviation (SD) and frequencies and percentages to describe baseline characteristics. Person χ2 test was employed to compare the differences of baseline characteristics between households with and without multimorbidity. Lorenz curve and concentration index were used to measure the socioeconomic inequalities of CHE incidence. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between multimorbidity and CHE.
Results
Among 17,708 participants, 17,182 individuals were included for the descriptive analysis of the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2011, and 13,299 individuals (8029 households) met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis with a median of 83 (interquartile range: 25–84) person-months of follow-up. 45.1% (7752/17,182) individuals and 56.9% (4571/8029) households had multimorbidity at baseline. Participants with higher family economic level (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97) had lower multimorbidity prevalence than those with lowest family economic level. 82.1% of participants with multimorbidity did not make use of outpatient care. The CHE incidence was more concentrated among participants with higher socioeconomic status (SES) with a concentration index of 0.059. The risk of CHE was 19% (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.16–1.22) higher for each additional NCD.
Conclusions
Approximately half of middle-aged and older adults in China had multimorbidity, causing a 19% higher risk of CHE for each additional NCD. Early interventions for preventing multimorbidity among people with low SES could be intensified to protect older adults from financial hardship. In addition, concerted efforts are needed to increase patients’ rational healthcare utilization and strengthen current medical security for people with high SES to reduce economic disparities in CHE.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China
National Natural Science Foundation of China
National Statistical Science Research Project
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities supported by Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, of Peking University
National Science and Technology Project on Development Assistance for Technology, Developing China-ASEAN Public Health Research and Development Collaborating Center
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC