The role of autophagy in Parkinson's disease: rotenone-based modeling

Abstract

Abstract Background Autophagy-mediated self-digestion of cytoplasmic inclusions may be protective against neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, excessive autophagic activation evokes autophagic programmed cell death. Methods In this study, we aimed at exploring the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of rotenone-induced cellular and animal models for PD. Results Reactive oxygen species over-generation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction or apoptosis rate elevation occurred in a dose-dependent fashion in rotenone-treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. The time- and dose-dependent increases in autophagic marker microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression and decreases in autophagic adaptor protein P62 were observed in this cellular model. LC3-positive autophagic vacuoles were colocalized with alpha-synuclein-overexpressed aggregations. Moreover, the number of autophagic vacuoles was increased in rotenone-based PD models in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These data, along with our previous finding showing rotenone-induced toxicity was prevented by the autophagy enhancers and was aggravated by the autophagy inhibitors in SH-SY5Y, suggest that autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of PD, attenuates the rotenone toxicity and possibly represents a new subcellular target for treating PD.