Measuring recovery in participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder: validation of the Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC).

Abstract

Abstract Background To improve recovery in mental health, validated instruments are needed. Aims This study evaluates psychometric properties of the Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC) in a Dutch population of participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Methods 326 participants completed the I.ROC at baseline (n = 326), six months (n = 155) and twelve months (n = 84) as part of a routine outcome assessment. Reliability, validity, sensitivity to change, and internal factor structure were examined. Results Participants evaluated the I.ROC as comprehensive. Internal consistency of the I.ROC (α = 0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = .85, p < .001) are good. Negative moderate correlations with the total score of the PANSS (r=-.50, p < .001) and the HoNOS (r=-.52, p < .001) were found, and a small negative correlation with the FR tool (r=-.36, p < .001). Moderate positive correlation with the MANSA (r = .55, p < .001) and the RAS (r = .60, p < .001) were found. The mean total I.ROC scores increased significantly between time points (F(2,166) = 6.351, p < .005), although differences were small. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that fit indices for the one-, two-, and four-factor model are comparable. Conclusions The I.ROC is a valid and reliable instrument, with sensitivity to change, to map recovery in participants with SSD.