Symptom structure of complex posttraumatic stress disorder among Chinese young adults with childhood trauma: a network analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background The 11th revision of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes a new disorder, complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), the diagnostic applicability of which has not been discussed sufficiently in Chinese culture. The network approach to psychopathology enables investigation of the structure of disorders at the symptom level, which allows for analysis of direct symptom interactions. The main objectives of the present study were to explore CPTSD symptom structure and identify key symptoms in CPTSD among young adults in China. Methods The present study collected a large, stratified sample of Beijing university students (1368), ranging from 18 to 25 years old, the majority of whom (65.4%) were female. CPTSD symptoms were assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). A regularized partial correlation network and Bayesian network were applied to estimate the network structure and the upstream symptoms of CPTSD, respectively. Results The regularized partial correlation network showed that the high central symptoms were feelings of failure and hypervigilance, while the bridge symptom between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disturbance in self-organization (DSO) domains was long-term upset. The Bayesian network showed that external avoidance and hypervigilance symptoms were upstream in CPTSD symptoms. Conclusions Hypervigilance is a central symptom that can be predictive of other symptoms of CPTSD. While feeling of failure is also a highly central symptom, it may be influenced by other symptoms. In the diagnosis and intervention of CPTSD, more attention should be given to hypervigilance symptoms.