Predicting diagnostic outcome in adult autism spectrum disorder using the autism diagnostic observation schedule, second edition

Abstract

Abstract Background The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) module four assessment for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in adults has shown good sensitivity and specificity in research settings. Method This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the ADOS-2 module four by investigating the components of the assessment, in relation to diagnostic outcome in a clinical setting. Data from 88 service users referred to a Specialist Adult Autism Service was explored. Results ADOS-2 scores failed to predict the diagnostic outcome (overall sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 57%). Interestingly, scores from the ‘restricted interests’ component of the ADOS-2 have the potential to predict diagnostic outcome, despite this domain not been included in the scoring algorithm. Conclusions Based on our findings, we recommend clinicians are cautious when interpreting results of the ADOS-2 assessment.