Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of new carbazole derivatives as anticancer, and antioxidant agents

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe carbazole skeleton is an important structural motif occurring naturally or synthesized chemically and has antihistaminic, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.ObjectivesThis study aimed to design and synthesize a novel series of carbazole derivatives and evaluate their antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.MethodsThe synthesized compounds were characterized utilizing HRMS,1H-, and13CAPT-NMR, and assessed for their anticancer, antifibrotic, and antioxidant effects utilizing reference biomedical procedures. In addition, the AutoDock Vina application was used to perform in-silico docking computations.ResultsA series of carbazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized in the current study. Compounds10and11were found to have a stronger antiproliferative effect than compounds2–5against HepG2, HeLa, and MCF7 cancer cell lines with IC50values of 7.68, 10.09, and 6.44 µM, respectively. Moreover, compound 9 showed potent antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cell lines with an IC50value of 7.59 µM. However, except for compound5, all of the synthesized compounds showed moderate antiproliferative activities against CaCo-2 with IC50values in the range of 43.7–187.23 µM. All of these values were compared with the positive control anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). In addition, compound9showed the most potent anti-fibrotic compound, and the cellular viability of LX-2 was found 57.96% at 1 µM concentration in comparison with the positive control 5-FU. Moreover, 4 and 9 compounds showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50values of 1.05 ± 0.77 and 5.15 ± 1.01 µM, respectively.ConclusionMost of the synthesized carbazole derivatives showed promising antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antifibrotic biological effects, and further in-vivo investigations are needed to approve or disapprove these results.