From cells to power cells: harnessing bacterial electron transport for microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

Abstract

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs), which use bacterial electron transport mechanisms to generate energy, have become a viable technology for renewable energy production. This review investigates the evolutionary and functional connections between bacterial energy transduction mechanisms and mitochondrial electron transport chains, building on the endosymbiont theory of eukaryotic cell evolution. The conserved features and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic electron transport pathways were elucidated, highlighting their common origins and roles in cellular bioenergetics. This discussion explores the essential mechanisms governing the movement of electrons and ions across biological membranes, crucial for generating energy and maintaining electrochemical gradients in bacteria and mitochondria. Capitalizing on these insights, we explore the applications of electrogenic bacteria in MFCs for renewable electricity generation. Optimal conditions for enhancing bacterial electron transfer to electrode surfaces are identified, paving the way for improved MFC performance. Potential large-scale implementations of MFCs in wastewater treatment, biosensing, and bioremediation of contaminated environments are discussed, underscoring their versatility and environmental benefits. The importance of investigating bioenergetic mechanisms at both the cellular and molecular scales of fully harnessing the capabilities of microbial energy conversion systems is highlighted in this review. By bridging the gap between fundamental cellular processes and sustainable technologies, we aim to advance renewable energy solutions that harness the remarkable capabilities of electrogenic microorganisms.