Study of microalbuminuria as early risk marker of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects

Abstract

 Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that lead to end-stage of kidney disease (ESKD). Detection of early-stage can slow loss of kidney function and improve patient outcomes with use of diagnostic biomarker detection of DN. Aims and objectives of this study is to evaluate the possible association between glycated hemoglobin and urinary microalbumin as a predictor of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: Total 162 subjects were included in this study comprises uncontrolled diabetes 54 cases, controlled diabetes 54 cases and healthy controlled 54 controls. Micro albumin was measured by urinary microalbumin (turbidimetric immunoassay), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measured by ion exchange resin method and fasting blood glucose estimated by GOD-POD method. The inclusion of age group was between 35 to 74 years. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, version 16.0. p values were calculated by ANOVA unpaired t-test. The p<0.05 was considered a statistically significant.Results: Urinary microalbumin levels were statistically significant increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy in comparison to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and controlled diabetes mellitus (138.9±13.7 mg/l vs 67.7±14.1 mg/l and p<0.005**).  HbA1c, which acts as a biomarker of diabetes was significant higher diabetic nephropathy, in comparison to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, controlled diabetes mellitus and healthy control (8.0±1.1% vs 7.1±0.9% and 5.7±0.4%).Conclusions: The present study was demonstrated impaired glycaemic control is associated with elevations in urinary micro albumin levels and it may be considered as risk marker of diabetic nephropathy.