A study on prevalence of anemia among late adolescent girls in JSS Schools and Colleges of rural and urban Mysuru district, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Background: Anemia is the commonest micronutrient deficiency across the world. The burden of disease is high in underdeveloped and developing countries. Anemia itself is not a disease but a symptom of underlying deficiency. A large portion of iron deficiency is preventable with appropriate and timely intervention. Adolescence is a crucial phase for growth and development. Increased physiological demands, poor attitude of young children towards nutrition, lack of awareness amongst parents about healthy diet etc., are some of the reasons that makes anemia common among adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in JSS schools and pre-university during February 2021. Sample size is 292 and a total of 300 girls in late adolescent age group were included in the study. Haemoglobin estimation was done by finger prick method using a digital haemoglobinometer. A structured proforma was used to collect data regarding socio-demographic characteristics and factors associated with anemia.Results: In our study 49% of the girls were anemic. Mean haemoglobin levels of the girls were 14±4 mg/dl. In this study there was significant association between menarche status (p=0.0041) and history of taking iron supplements (p=0.04). Significant association was noted between the mother’s education and the study participants’ anemia status (p=0.00). Significant association was noticed between BMI category of the study participants and their anemia status (p<2.2e-16).Conclusions: Anemia is huge problem among adolescent girls. The awareness is poor regarding the disease and its effects. The community is ignorant about the detrimental effects of anemia. Hence appropriate health interventions targeting women and children are needed to see any positive changes in their status.