Thoracic Aortic Trauma: Outcomes and Hospital Resource Utilization after Endovascular and Open Repair

Abstract

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has evolved as a treatment option for the management of thoracic aortic trauma as an alternative to open thoracic aortic repair (OTAR). Population-level outcomes are not known and were evaluated. Secondary data analysis of the 2005–2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample data was performed, and 1,561 patients with thoracic aortic injury (mean age 44.8 ± 18.8 years; men 77.2%) were identified. Of these, 510 underwent emergent surgical intervention: 240 OTAR (47%) and 270 TEVAR (53%). Males were more likely to undergo any surgery (77.2% vs 22.8%; p = .03). Hospital mortality after OTAR was greater compared to TEVAR (14.61% vs 7.43%; p = .009). OTAR patients were more likely to have pulmonary complications (37.8% vs 21.65; p < .0001) but were less likely to have stroke (2.1% vs 5.8%; p = .03) compared to TEVAR patients. After adjustment, OTAR patients remained more likely to die compared to TEVAR patients (OR 11.5; 95% CI 4.0–33.2). Hospital length of stay and hospital cost were significantly greater for OTAR than for TEVAR. An increase in patients with thoracic aortic injury undergoing repair was found (23.0% vs 40.3%; p < .0002). In trauma, TEVAR was associated with decreased hospital mortality, hospital use, and pulmonary complications but increased rates of stroke. Further implementation of TEVAR for management of thoracic aortic trauma may improve future outcomes and reduce hospital resource use.