FATIGUE: UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM AND SYSTEMATIC MECHANISMS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to determine the modern ideas about fatigue and the physiological mechanisms of its development. Methods and organization of the research: a review of publications using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Research results and discussion. When analyzing scientific and methodological publications related to the study of fatigue, many problems has been revealed, such as the ambiguity of interpretation of the word "fatigue" often used in sports science and mechanisms of its development that are not fully understood. The exact understanding of each definition will depend both on the semantic groups of the words and on their morphological structure. At the same time, when studying the physiological mechanisms of fatigue, the central and peripheral mechanisms of its development are separated. The first will include processes emanating from the central nervous system, and the second - processes occurring in the peripheral nervous system. The processes of fatigue on the periphery are associated with the depletion of energy resources, an increase in the number of metabolites (hydrogen ions, lactate), with the magnitude and localization of flows through various ion channels, with a change in the electrochemical gradients of Na, K and Cl inside and outside the muscle fiber membrane, with intensity and duration muscle stimulation. At the level of the central nervous system, the processes are associated with limitations in motor control related both to the processes of synaptic transmission of neurotransmitters and psychological factors, which are currently poorly understood, but, nevertheless, show their influence in experimental data. Conclusion: this review article puts forward objective proposals for the exact understanding of each of the above definitions in the Russian-language literature and highlights some of the nuances of understanding in the foreign one. Also, ideas about the physiological mechanisms of central and peripheral fatigue are revealed.