İş sıkıntısından mı yoksa iş yoğunluğundan mı? İş yükünün ve iş sıkıntısının günlük iş çıktıları üzerindeki etkilerinin çok düzeyli bir araştırması

Abstract

Studies report that both job boredom and excessive workload have detrimental effects on employee well-being and work outcomes. Although these variables fluctuate daily, longitudinal studies addressing within- and between-person variance in the variables and how they relate to daily work outcomes are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine how daily workload and daily job boredom are associated with daily emotional labor, stress, job satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. Multilevel data were collected at six time points (five daily, one person level). Person level (n=137) and day level (685) data were matched to conduct multilevel analyses using the software HLM. Both workload and job boredom showed substantial daily variability. The results of multilevel analyses revealed that job boredom had wider negative effects than workload in general. While daily job boredom was positively related to work stress, negative affect, and emotional labor, it demonstrated a significant negative relationship with positive affect. Daily workload was significantly related to only stress and negative affect. Using multilevel methods, it is possible to investigate the variance and relationships of the concepts both at general and daily levels. The results emphasize the negative effects of daily job boredom, which can be more critical compared to workload. The results also have important practical implications for managers.