Heart Failure With Low and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction – are These Two Different Independent Diseases or One Disease, but at Different Stages of its Progression? How Does This Affect the Choice of Therapy and Its Effectiveness?

Abstract

The article discusses the question of whether it is possible to conclude that any heart failure (HF), throughout the entire range of left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF), is a single holistic disease, based on the “external” similarity of treatments for reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) LVEF, and that positioning HFpEF and HFrEF as separate independent diseases is not valid.