Samples Collected From the Floor of Jezero Crater With the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover

Author:

Simon J. I.1ORCID,Hickman‐Lewis K.23,Cohen B. A.4,Mayhew L. E.5ORCID,Shuster D. L.6,Debaille V.7,Hausrath E. M.8ORCID,Weiss B. P.9ORCID,Bosak T.9ORCID,Zorzano M.‐P.10ORCID,Amundsen H. E. F.11,Beegle L. W.12,Bell J. F.13,Benison K. C.14,Berger E. L.15,Beyssac O.16ORCID,Brown A. J.17ORCID,Calef F.12ORCID,Casademont T. M.11ORCID,Clark B.18ORCID,Clavé E.19ORCID,Crumpler L.20ORCID,Czaja A. D.21ORCID,Fairén A. G.1022ORCID,Farley K. A.23,Flannery D. T.24ORCID,Fornaro T.25ORCID,Forni O.26ORCID,Gómez F.10ORCID,Goreva Y.12ORCID,Gorin A.7ORCID,Hand K. P.12ORCID,Hamran S.‐E.11,Henneke J.27ORCID,Herd C. D. K.28ORCID,Horgan B. H. N.29ORCID,Johnson J. R.30ORCID,Joseph J.31ORCID,Kronyak R. E.12ORCID,Madariaga J. M.32ORCID,Maki J. N.12ORCID,Mandon L.33ORCID,McCubbin F. M.34,McLennan S. M.35ORCID,Moeller R. C.12,Newman C. E.36ORCID,Núñez J. I.29ORCID,Pascuzzo A. C.37,Pedersen D. A.28ORCID,Poggiali G.38ORCID,Pinet P.26ORCID,Quantin‐Nataf C.39,Rice M.40,Rice J. W.13,Royer C.19ORCID,Schmidt M.41ORCID,Sephton M.42ORCID,Sharma S.12,Siljeström S.43,Stack K. M.12ORCID,Steele A.44ORCID,Sun V. Z.12ORCID,Udry A.8ORCID,VanBommel S.45,Wadhwa M.1213ORCID,Wiens R. C.29ORCID,Williams A. J.46,Williford K. H.47

Affiliation:

1. Center for Isotope Cosmochemistry and Geochronology Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX USA

2. The Natural History Museum London UK

3. Dipartimento BiGeA Università di Bologna Bologna Italy

4. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA

5. Department of Geological Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA

6. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

7. Universitélibre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

8. Department of Geosciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas NV USA

9. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

10. Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) CSIC‐INTA Madrid Spain

11. University of Oslo Norwegian Research Council Oslo Norway

12. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

13. Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA

14. West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

15. Texas State University Jacobs JETS NASA Johnsons Space Center Houston TX USA

16. Institut de Minéralogie Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie CNRS UMR 7590 Sorbonne Université Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France

17. Plancius Research Severna Park MD USA

18. Space Science Institute Boulder CO USA

19. CELIA Université de Bordeaux CNRS CEA Bordeaux France

20. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Albuquerque NM USA

21. Department of Geology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

22. Department Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

23. California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

24. Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QL Australia

25. INAF‐Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri Florence Italy

26. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) Université de Toulouse CNRS UPS CNES Toulouse France

27. Danmarks Tekniske Universitet National Space Institute Lyngby Denmark

28. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada

29. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

30. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel MD USA

31. Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

32. Department of Analytical Chemistry University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain

33. LESIA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL CNRS Sorbonne Université Université de Paris Meudon France

34. Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX USA

35. Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA

36. Aeolis Research Chandler AZ USA

37. Malin Space Science Systems San Diego CA USA

38. INAF‐Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri Firenze Italy

39. Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon Université Lyon Bâtiment Géode Villeurbanne France

40. Western Washington University Bellingham WA USA

41. Department of Earth Sciences Brock University St. Catharines ON Canada

42. Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London London UK

43. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Stockholm Sweden

44. Earth and Planetary Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC USA

45. McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA

46. Department of Geological Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

47. Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Seattle WA USA

Abstract

AbstractThe first samples collected by the Mars 2020 mission represent units exposed on the Jezero Crater floor, from the potentially oldest Séítah formation outcrops to the potentially youngest rocks of the heavily cratered Máaz formation. Surface investigations reveal landscape‐to‐microscopic textural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidence for igneous lithologies, some possibly emplaced as lava flows. The samples contain major rock‐forming minerals such as pyroxene, olivine, and feldspar, accessory minerals including oxides and phosphates, and evidence for various degrees of aqueous activity in the form of water‐soluble salt, carbonate, sulfate, iron oxide, and iron silicate minerals. Following sample return, the compositions and ages of these variably altered igneous rocks are expected to reveal the geophysical and geochemical nature of the planet's interior at the time of emplacement, characterize martian magmatism, and place timing constraints on geologic processes, both in Jezero Crater and more widely on Mars. Petrographic observations and geochemical analyses, coupled with geochronology of secondary minerals, can also reveal the timing of aqueous activity as well as constrain the chemical and physical conditions of the environments in which these minerals precipitated, and the nature and composition of organic compounds preserved in association with these phases. Returned samples from these units will help constrain the crater chronology of Mars and the global evolution of the planet's interior, for understanding the processes that formed Jezero Crater floor units, and for constraining the style and duration of aqueous activity in Jezero Crater, past habitability, and cycling of organic elements in Jezero Crater.

Funder

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Geochemistry and Petrology,Geophysics

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