Mapping Potential Population‐Level Pesticide Exposures in Ecuador Using a Modular and Scalable Geospatial Strategy

Author:

Andrade‐Rivas Federico12ORCID,Paul Naman13,Spiegel Jerry1ORCID,Henderson Sarah B.13,Parrott Lael456,Delgado‐Ron Jorge Andrés17,Echeverri Alejandra89ORCID,van den Bosch Matilda110111213ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Population and Public Health The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

2. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Universidad El Bosque Bogotá Colombia

3. Environmental Health Services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Vancouver BC Canada

4. Department of Biology The University of British Columbia Kelowna BC Canada

5. Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences The University of British Columbia Kelowna BC Canada

6. Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services The University of British Columbia Kelowna BC Canada

7. Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University Vancouver BC Canada

8. Centre for Conservation Biology Stanford University Stanford CA USA

9. The Natural Capital Project Stanford University Stanford CA USA

10. ISGlobal Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

11. Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain

12. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain

13. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

Abstract

AbstractHuman populations and ecosystems are extensively exposed to pesticides. Most nations lack the capacity to control pesticide contamination and have limited availability of pesticide use information. Ecuador is a country with intense pesticide use with high exposure risks to humans and the environment, although relative or combined risks are not well understood. Here, we analyzed the distribution of application rates in Ecuador and identified regions of concern because of high potential exposure. We used a geospatial analysis to identify grid cells (∼8 km × 8 km) where the highest pesticide application rates and density of human populations overlap. Furthermore, we identified other regions of concern based on the number of amphibian species as an indicator of ecosystem integrity and the location of natural protected areas. We found that 28% of Ecuador's population dwelled in areas with high pesticide application rate. We identified an area of ∼512 km2 in the Amazon region where high application rates, large human settlements, and a high number of amphibian species overlapped. Additionally, we distinguished clusters of pesticide application rates and human populations that intersected with natural protected areas. Ecuador exemplifies how pesticides are disproportionately applied in areas with the potential to affect human health and ecosystems' integrity. Global estimates of population dwelling, pesticide application rates, and environmental factors are key in prioritizing locations to conduct further exposure assessments. The modular and scalable nature of the geospatial tools we developed can be expanded and adapted to other regions of the world where data on pesticide use are limited.

Funder

University of British Columbia

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology,Epidemiology,Global and Planetary Change

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