1. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao China
3. Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA
4. Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China