1. Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY USA
2. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
3. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
4. Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
5. Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
6. Department of Environmental Studies University of Colorado Boulder CO USA