The Green's Function Model Intercomparison Project (GFMIP) Protocol

Author:

Bloch‐Johnson Jonah1ORCID,Rugenstein Maria A. A.2ORCID,Alessi Marc J.2ORCID,Proistosescu Cristian3ORCID,Zhao Ming4ORCID,Zhang Bosong5ORCID,Williams Andrew I. L.5ORCID,Gregory Jonathan M.16ORCID,Cole Jason7,Dong Yue8ORCID,Duffy Margaret L.9ORCID,Kang Sarah M.10ORCID,Zhou Chen11ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Center for Atmosphere Science University of Reading Reading UK

2. Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA

3. Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Change University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

4. NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USA

5. Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

6. Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter UK

7. Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Environment and Climate Change Canada Victoria BC Canada

8. Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY USA

9. NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA

10. Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan South Korea

11. Department of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University Nanjing China

Abstract

AbstractThe atmospheric Green's function method is a technique for modeling the response of the atmosphere to changes in the spatial field of surface temperature. While early studies applied this method to changes in atmospheric circulation, it has also become an important tool to understand changes in radiative feedbacks due to evolving patterns of warming, a phenomenon called the “pattern effect.” To better study this method, this paper presents a protocol for creating atmospheric Green's functions to serve as the basis for a model intercomparison project, GFMIP. The protocol has been developed using a series of sensitivity tests performed with the HadAM3 atmosphere‐only general circulation model, along with existing and new simulations from other models. Our preliminary results have uncovered nonlinearities in the response of the atmosphere to surface temperature changes, including an asymmetrical response to warming versus cooling patch perturbations, and a change in the dependence of the response on the magnitude and size of the patches. These nonlinearities suggest that the pattern effect may depend on the heterogeneity of warming as well as its location. These experiments have also revealed tradeoffs in experimental design between patch size, perturbation strength, and the length of control and patch simulations. The protocol chosen on the basis of these experiments balances scientific utility with the simulation time and setup required by the Green's function approach. Running these simulations will further our understanding of many aspects of atmospheric response, from the pattern effect and radiative feedbacks to changes in circulation, cloudiness, and precipitation.

Funder

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council

Natural Environment Research Council

National Science Foundation

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Environmental Chemistry,Global and Planetary Change

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