Last Glacial Maximum Reconstructions of Rwenzori Mountain Glaciers

Author:

Doughty Alice M.12ORCID,Kelly Meredith A.2,Russell James M.3,Jackson Margaret S.24,Anderson Brian M.5,Chipman Jonathan2ORCID,Nakileza Bob R.6

Affiliation:

1. School of Earth and Climate Sciences Bryand Global Sciences Center University of Maine Orono ME USA

2. Department of Earth Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA

3. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences Brown University Providence RI USA

4. Geography, School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Ireland

5. Antarctic Research Centre Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand

6. Mountain Resource Centre Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Abstract

AbstractThe magnitude of tropical cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼19–26.5 ka) remains controversial, with sea‐surface temperatures cooling by several degrees less than most temperatures reconstructed at high elevations. To explain this discrepancy, past studies proposed a steeper (increased) lapse rate—the temperature decrease with elevation—during the LGM relative to today. For instance, LGM temperatures in East Africa reconstructed from branched GDGTs from multiple elevations support an ∼0.9°C/km increase in the lapse rate during the LGM relative to present day. Lapse rates are a critical part of the Earth's climate sensitivity and atmospheric energy transfer, and it is vital to know whether and by how much the tropical lapse rate steepened during the LGM. Here, we simulate LGM glacier extents in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda with and without a change in lapse rate using a range of temperature and precipitation estimates. We find that the lapse rate must have been steeper than present for glaciers to reach their LGM positions using available sea‐level temperature and precipitation estimates for East Africa.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Comer Science and Education Foundation

National Geographic Society

Dartmouth College

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

Paleontology,Atmospheric Science,Oceanography

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