Affiliation:
1. University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA
2. Air Force Institute of Technology WPAFB Fairborn OH USA
3. Earth Networks Germantown MD USA
4. Duke University Durham NC USA
5. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
6. University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland (HES‐SO) Yverdon‐les‐Bains Switzerland
Abstract
AbstractWe report on the mountain top observation of three terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) that occurred during the summer storm season of 2021. To our knowledge, these are the first TGFs observed in a mountaintop environment and the first published European TGFs observed from the ground. A gamma‐ray sensitive detector was located at the base of the Säntis Tower in Switzerland and observed three unique TGF events with coincident radio sferic data characteristic of TGFs seen from space. We will show an example of a “slow pulse” radio signature (Cummer et al., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048099; Lu et al., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016141; Pu et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082743; Pu et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089427), a −EIP (Lyu et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070154; Lyu et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093627; Wada et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031730), and a double peak TGF associated with an extraordinarily powerful and complicated positive‐polarity sferic, where each TGF peak is possibly preceded by a short burst of stepped leader emission.
Funder
National Science Foundation
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Atmospheric Science,Geophysics
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