Affiliation:
1. Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Exploration Technology and Application Ministry of Natural Resources Guangzhou China
Abstract
AbstractThe Tonga volcano (TVE) erupted with a mass of energy released into the plate and atmosphere, causing variations in the relevant geophysical parameters. Thus, we creatively apply the observations from space‐borne and ground‐based sensors to reveal the characterizations of up to four items (tropospheric response, sea surface temperature (SST), surface deformation, and ionospheric reaction). The results of precipitable water vapor from space‐borne and ground‐based data show that tropospheric response has a trend of rising first, after the volcano event dropping sharply, then recovering to the normal level. The reaction of SST shows a slight rise of 0.5–1°C caused by the incident. Examining ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System station coordinates illustrates that the volcano eruption causes surface deformations up to 46 cm in the northeast direction. Eventually, for the ionospheric reaction, a similar characterization of the tropospheric response is found in the total electron content variation. These are the first comprehensive analyses showing the impacts of the TVE on multiple types of parameters using both space‐borne and ground‐based data from low to high frequency.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Atmospheric Science,Geophysics