Investigating Thermal Contrasts Between Jupiter's Belts, Zones, and Polar Vortices With VLT/VISIR

Author:

Bardet Deborah1ORCID,Donnelly Padraig T.2,Fletcher Leigh N.1ORCID,Antuñano Arrate3ORCID,Roman Michael T.1ORCID,Sinclair James A.4ORCID,Orton Glenn S.4ORCID,Tao Chihiro5ORCID,Rogers John H.6,Melin Henrik1ORCID,Harkett Jake1

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester Leicester UK

2. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace (LMD/IPSL) Sorbonne Université Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris École Normale Supérieure (ENS) PSL Research University Paris France

3. Escuela Ingernieria de Bilbao Fisica Aplicada UPV/EHU Bilbao Spain

4. Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

5. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Tokyo Japan

6. British Astronomical Association London UK

Abstract

AbstractUsing images at multiple mid‐infrared wavelengths, acquired in 2018 May using the Very Large Telescope Imager and Spectrometer (VISIR) instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), we study Jupiter's pole‐to‐pole thermal, chemical and aerosol structure in the troposphere and stratosphere. We confirm that the pattern of cool and cloudy anticyclonic zones and warm cloud‐free cyclonic belts persists throughout the mid‐latitudes, up to the polar boundaries, and evidence a strong correlation with the vertical maximum windshear and the locations of Jupiter's zonal jets. At high latitudes, VISIR images reveal a large region of mid‐infrared cooling poleward ∼64°N and ∼67°S extending from the upper troposphere to the stratosphere, co‐located with the reflective aerosols observed by JunoCam, and suggesting that aerosols play a key role in the radiative cooling at the poles. Comparison of zonal‐mean thermal properties and high‐resolution visible imaging from Juno allows us to study the variability of atmospheric properties as a function of altitude and jet boundaries, particularly in the cold southern polar vortex. However, the southern stratospheric polar vortex is partly masked by a warm mid‐infrared signature of the aurora. Co‐located with the southern main auroral oval, this warming results from the auroral precipitation and/or joule heating which heat the atmosphere and thus cause a significant stratospheric emission. This high emission results from a large enhancement of both ethane and acetylene in the polar region, reinforcing the evidence of enhanced ion‐related chemistry in Jupiter's auroral regions.

Funder

European Research Council

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Geochemistry and Petrology,Geophysics

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