1. Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego; California; USA
2. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources; University of California; Davis; California; USA
3. Laboratory of Arctic Research, V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vladivostok; Russia
4. Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; Miami; Florida; USA