1. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education) East China Normal University Shanghai China
2. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
3. School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
4. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou China
5. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
6. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai China
7. Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai China
8. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA