Recent Water Constraints Mediate the Dominance of Climate and Atmospheric CO2 on Vegetation Growth Across China

Author:

Song Yang12ORCID,Penuelas Josep34ORCID,Ciais Philippe5ORCID,Wang Songhan6ORCID,Zhang Yao78ORCID,Gentine Pierre9ORCID,McCabe Matthew F.10ORCID,Wang Lixin11ORCID,Li Xing12ORCID,Li Fei13ORCID,Wang Xiaoping14ORCID,Jin Zhenong15ORCID,Wu Chaoyang16ORCID,Jin Xiuliang12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China

2. National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sanya China

3. CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Barcelona Spain

4. CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain

5. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ, Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France

6. College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China

7. Sino‐French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University Beijing China

8. Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University Beijing China

9. Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New York NY USA

10. Hydrology, Agriculture and Land Observation Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

11. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indiana University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA

12. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

13. Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hohhot China

14. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling China

15. Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA

16. The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Abstract

AbstractMultiple lines of evidence confirm a widespread increase in vegetation growth across China over the past few decades. The relationship between vegetation growth and water availability is thought to be becoming stronger under climate change, that is, water constraints on vegetation growth have been increasing. However, our understanding of how water constraints have influenced these vegetation greening trends, especially those climate change‐driven ones, remains limited. Here, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of recent water constraints and their implications for vegetation growth in China between 1982 and 2015. By analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns of the relationship between vegetation growth and water availability, we reveal recent water constraints and their changes hidden within an overall greening trend in China. Further analysis demonstrates that two climate change‐related categories, defined broadly as “climate” (e.g., air temperature, precipitation, and so on) and “CO2” (i.e., atmospheric carbon dioxide), have exerted varying levels of importance in regulating vegetation growth across different water constraints. With increasing water constraints, the proportion of the climate‐dominated area has significantly risen, while that of the CO2‐dominated area has sharply declined. Our findings highlight that water constraints can mediate the dominance of climate and atmospheric CO2 on vegetation growth. This has the great potential to exacerbate the uncertainty surrounding current and future sustainable vegetation greening trends.

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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