1. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
3. Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
4. Institute of Surface‐Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
6. School of Geosciences and Info–Physics Central South University Changsha China