Stratospheric Chlorine Processing After the Unprecedented Hunga Tonga Eruption

Author:

Zhang Jun1ORCID,Wang Peidong2ORCID,Kinnison Douglas1ORCID,Solomon Susan2ORCID,Guan Jian2,Stone Kane2ORCID,Zhu Yunqian34

Affiliation:

1. Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA

2. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

3. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA

4. Chemical Sciences Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO USA

Abstract

AbstractFollowing the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption in January 2022, significant reductions in stratospheric hydrochloric acid (HCl) were observed in the Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes during the latter half of 2022, suggesting potential chlorine activation. The objective of this study is to comprehensively understand the loss of HCl in the aftermath of HTHH. Satellite measurements and a global chemistry‐climate model are employed for the analysis. We find strong agreement of 2022 anomalies between the modeled and the measured data. The observed tracer‐tracer relations between nitrous oxide (N2O) and HCl indicate a significant role of chemical processing in the observed HCl reduction, especially during the austral winter of 2022. Further examining the roles of chlorine gas‐phase and heterogeneous chemistry, we find that heterogeneous chemistry emerges as the primary driver for the chemical loss of HCl, and the reaction between hypobromous acid (HOBr) and HCl on sulfate aerosols is the dominant loss process.

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Science Foundation

National Center for Atmospheric Research

Climate Program Office

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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