Simulating Southern Ocean Aerosol and Ice Nucleating Particles in the Community Earth System Model Version 2

Author:

McCluskey Christina S.1ORCID,Gettelman Andrew12ORCID,Bardeen Charles G.3ORCID,DeMott Paul J.4ORCID,Moore Kathryn A.4ORCID,Kreidenweis Sonia M.4ORCID,Hill Thomas C. J.4ORCID,Barry Kevin R.4ORCID,Twohy Cynthia H.5ORCID,Toohey Darin W.6,Rainwater Bryan67ORCID,Jensen Jorgen B.8ORCID,Reeves John M.8,Alexander Simon P.910ORCID,McFarquhar Greg M.1112ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Climate Global Dynamics Laboratory NCAR CO Boulder USA

2. Now at Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Pacific Northwest National Laboratory WA Richmond USA

3. Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory NCAR CO Boulder USA

4. Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University CO Fort Collins USA

5. NorthWest Research Associates WA Redmond USA

6. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO Boulder USA

7. Now at Handix Scientific Inc CO Boulder USA

8. Earth Observing Laboratory NCAR CO Boulder USA

9. Australian Antarctic Division TAS Kingston Australia

10. Australian Antarctic Program Partnership Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania TAS Hobart Australia

11. Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations OK Norman USA

12. School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma OK Norman USA

Abstract

AbstractSouthern Ocean (SO) low‐level mixed phase clouds have been a long‐standing challenge for Earth system models to accurately represent. While improvements to the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) resulted in increased supercooled liquid in SO clouds and improved model radiative biases, simulated SO clouds in CESM2 now contain too little ice. Previous observational studies have indicated that marine particles are major contributor to SO low‐level cloud heterogeneous ice nucleation, a process that initiates a number of cloud processes that govern cloud radiative properties. In this study, we utilize detailed aerosol and ice nucleating particle (INP) measurements from two recent measurement campaigns to assess simulated aerosol abundance, number size distributions, and composition and INP parameterizations for use in CESM2. Our results indicate that CESM2 has a positive bias in simulated surface‐level total aerosol surface area at latitudes north of 58°S. Measured INP populations were dominated by marine INPs and we present evidence of refractory INPs present over the SO assumed here to be mineral dust INPs. Results highlight a critical need to assess simulated mineral dust number and size distributions in CESM2 in order to adequately represent SO INP populations and their response to long‐term changes in atmospheric transport patterns and land use change. We also discuss important cautions and limitations in applying a commonly used mineral dust INP parameterization to remote regions like the pristine SO.

Funder

U.S. Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

Australian Antarctic Division

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Atmospheric Science,Geophysics

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