Changes in the Size Distributions of Oxalic Acid and Related Polar Compounds Over Northern Japan During Spring

Abstract

AbstractSize distributions of chemical species provide evidence for their sources and formation mechanisms. Size‐segregated aerosols with 12 sizes were collected over Northern Japan (Sapporo: 43.07°N and 141.35°E) during the spring (9 April–21 May) of 2001 and analyzed for water‐soluble organic and inorganic species. The dominances of SO42– and NH4+ in submicron (Da < 1.1 μm) and Na+ and Ca2+ in supermicron (Da > 1.1 μm) aerosols suggest substantial contributions from anthropogenic sources, sea‐salt and dust particles via long‐range atmospheric transport. Oxalic acid (C2) is the dominant organic species followed by malonic (C3) and succinic (C4) acid. A supermicron mode enrichment of C2 is heavily involved with the long‐range transport of dust particles, whereas submicron mode C2 was influenced by anthropogenic sources from the East Asian continent. The size distributions of shorter‐chain diacids (C3–C6), phthalic (Ph) and glyoxylic acid are consistent with those of C2, whereas azelaic acid (C9) is enriched in submicron and supermicron modes by the influences of continental and marine air masses. The mass concentration ratios of C3/C4 in submicron (1.5–2.3) and supermicron (1.2–1.8) mode demonstrated that water‐soluble organic aerosols in Sapporo were photochemically processed during long‐range transport. The Ph/C9 ratios show that the influence of anthropogenic sources on 9–28 April samples was pronounced in supermicron (2.5–2.9) than the submicron (1.1–1.2) particles, and vice‐versa on 6–21 May samples. These contrast distributions suggest that the continental air masses from East Asia and marine air masses from the surrounding ocean likely control the chemical composition of aerosols over Northern Japan.