1. Department of Land Surveying and Geo‐Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon China
2. Research Institute for Land and Space The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
3. Smart Cities Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
4. Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
5. Department of Geography Kings College London London UK