1. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China
2. Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development Ministry of Education Nanjing University Nanjing China
3. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Qingdao China
4. Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
5. Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
6. Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Xiamen China
7. College of Marine Geo‐sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China