Approach of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques of Land Use and Land Cover Mapping –Patna Municipal Corporation, (PMC) Patna, Bihar, India

Abstract

The approach of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) for the preparation of land use land cover (LULC) mapping is an essential aspect of planning and development activities for earth resource management. This paper investigates land use land cover (LULC) map of Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC), Patna, Bihar, India. The City Patna (PMC) is a fast developing city and emerging economic centre in Bihar. The population of the city (PMC) is growing day by day, and rapid migration from the different parts of the Bihar resulted from rapid urbanization. We offer RS and GIS techniques delineated different LULC of the PMC study area. LULC was done through False Color Composite (FCC) Satellite Image, Resourcesat-2A Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor IV (LISS-IV) with 5.8-meter spatial resolution data of the year 2018. The supervised classification and maximum likelihood classification were used to classified LISS IV images. The LULC map was created five different classes identified water bodies, agriculture land, fallow land, wasteland, built-up land, and vegetation of the study area. The advantages of MLC method in which a pixel with the maximum likelihood is classified into the corresponding class based on a probability function determines the variance and covariance of each theme. The LULC result showed that maximum area under PMC was covered with a built-up area of 70.80 Sq. Km. is higher than the others because of the rapidly growing population. Agriculture land, fallow land, and vegetation occupied area of 31.7 Sq.Km., while the wasteland constituted around 11.86 Sq. Km and water bodies covered around 5.8 Sq.Km. The accuracy was done through field verification and Satellite (Google) image.