Variation in Phenology of Banj Oak (Quercus Leucotrichophora) Tree Across Different Elevations in the Kumaun Himalayas, India.

Abstract

Changes in phenological events have been caused by the present phenomenon of climate change. The elevation is another important factor which leads to the variations in phenological events. The Banj Oak plays holds a vital position as a keystone species in the moist temperate forests of the Central Himalayas, and contribute to human well-being by providing essential benefits such as biodiversity conservation, maintenance of soil organic matter, and the ability to retain water. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the various phenological events of Q. leucotrichophora tree species along the elevation gradients. The elevation gradients are low (1400-1600 m), mid (1700-1900 m) and high (2000-2200 m). At each elevation, three sites were selected for the detailed phenological study. The observations were made from bud initiation to seed fall. In general, leaf bud break and leaf fall were initiated earlier in low-elevation species. In comparison with the middle and high elevation, at low elevation the growth initiation occurred in February and March when the temperature had begun. Comparisons with previous studies have shown that some phenological events began to occur early. The study clearly indicates that climatic irregularities have influenced or altered the phenological events of species. It can be said that the phenological events changes with climatic factors, which are responsible for earlier or delayed phenophases. Understanding phenology and its variations can offer significant data. Consequently, this knowledge can be highly valuable for agricultural practices, which necessitate advanced information on particular stages of tree growth.