Physico-Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Stability of Liquid and Powdered Red Ginger Aquaresin: Modification of Plating Method with Silicon Dioxide and γ-Cyclodextrin

Abstract

Red ginger extract (RGE) boasts high antioxidant activity due to its bioactive compounds but suffers from poor water solubility and dispersibility. This study aimed to improve these properties by converting RGE into liquid and powdered aquaresins. Diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono- and diglycerides (DATEM) were used as emulsifiers due to their balanced hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). Aquaresins were prepared using plating methods due to their practicability and vacuum methods for the powdered form. The optimal RGE:DATEM ratio and characteristics of the aquaresins were investigated. A 45% RGE and 5% DATEM formulation yielded the highest levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and 6-gingerol, while maintaining potent antioxidant activity over 60 days. The plating method significantly enhanced bioactive compound concentration compared to the vacuum method. Adding silicon dioxide and γ-cyclodextrin improved physical properties and antioxidant stability. The 45:5 RGE:DATEM ratio offered superior chemical properties and antioxidant activity in liquid aquaresin, while the plating method contributed to better chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity in powdered form. This study paves the way for incorporating RGE into various food and pharmaceutical applications.